Journal of Qassim University for Science

Biosorption of Heavy Metals by Algae: Recent Advances, Mechanisms, and Applications in Wastewater Treatment-A review

Alaa Younis — 2025-04-29

The global concern surrounding heavy metal contamination has intensified due to their elevated toxicities, non-biodegradable nature, the propensity to bioaccumulate within the human body and food chain, and their potential to induce cancer in humans. Various remediation techniques have been employed to isolate hazardous materials (HMs), with a focus on traditional methodologies. However, these methodologies often prove cost-prohibitive for large-scale projects, requiring meticulous oversight and continuous supervision. Additionally, their low efficiency compromises their effectiveness in removing hazardous materials. Multiple studies have provided compelling evidence supporting the potential of biosorption as a highly effective technique for eliminating heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Algae, due to their widespread presence in both seawater and freshwater environments, cost-effectiveness, reusability, and efficient metal sorption capabilities, are considered valuable biosorbents. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of recent research findings on various algae types' performance, applications, and chemistry for removing heavy metals from wastewater. The intricate mechanisms involved in the bioaccumulation and detoxification of heavy metals in algae are explored in this article. This review discussed the impact of various parameters, such as pH, temperature, initial metal concentration, biomass loading, and contact time, on the observed outcomes. Also, this article delves into the chemistry of metal biosorption by algal species, which possess numerous metal binding groups on their cell surfaces, including carboxylate, amine, imidazole, phosphate, sulfhydryl, sulfate, and hydroxyl groups. Algae, abundantly present in both marine and freshwater environments, have emerged as fundamental components in the recently developed metal biosorption process. This process has proven highly effective for detoxifying industrial effluents containing metals, showcasing its competitiveness in this domain.

The Effect of Orlistat in High-Fat Diet Induced-Obesity in Male Albino Rats.

Ruyuf Alforaih — 2025-04-27

Obesity has been considered a global epidemic that needs immediate prevention and control because it causes slew of physiological, psychological, and social problems. The present study aims to investigate the anti-obesity effect of orlistat in male albino rats and investigate the mechanism of its effect. 30 albino male rats weighing between (150 -180 g) were divided into three groups, as following: G I: control group feed normal diet; G II: male albino rats fed with high fat diet for 12 weeks; G III: male albino rats fed with high fat diet and treated with a daily oral dose of orlistat 50mg/kg/day for 45 days. The administration of a daily HFD to male albino rats for successive 12weeks resulted in obesity that was estimated by calculating BMI and increased levels of serum resistin, leptin , insulin , MDA, pro-inflammatory cytokines , lipid profiles and decreased levels of serum irisin, early signs of fibrosis suggesting the onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).Orlistat treatment resulted in weight loss and marked improvement in inflammation by decreasing interleukin1-ß, interleukin-6 , MDA levels and increases levels of serum irisin and effectively reduces fat deposition and inflammation in liver tissue. Orlistat is a lipase inhibitor resulted in weight loss via fat absorption inhibition and decreasing the inflammatory responses resulted from obesity.

Key Words: Obesity, Orlistat, oxidative stress, lipid profile, steatohepatitis, insulin, irisin, resistin, interleukin-6, interleukin 1-ß.

The Assessing the Physical Impacts of Climate on Risk-Based Investment Strategies

Belqees Alfahed — 2025-04-27

This research examines the imperative for integrating climate policies into risk-based investment strategies, highlighting the role of sustainable investing in mitigating climate change risks and achieving a more sustainable future. The study explores the financial and economic impacts of climate change, including physical risks like extreme weather events and sea level rise, as well as transition risks associated with the shift towards a low-carbon economy. It emphasizes the importance of incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria into investment decisions, prioritizing long-term sustainability over short-term gains. The study concludes that aligning investment strategies with climate policies offers a path toward generating financial returns while contributing to a more responsible and resilient economy. It underscores the need for investors, policymakers, and businesses to embrace a long-term perspective and actively engage in climate-conscious investing practices to ensure a more sustainable future.

Analysis of A Resource-Consumer Mathematical Model

Khalaf Alanazi — 2025-04-27

The research investigates the dynamics of a resource-consumer mathematical model. We show that the model's solutions exist theoretically and numerically. Furthermore, we also solve the model for the steady states and confirm the existence of equilibria, which have been analyzed and investigated. The results indicate that resources and consumers can coexist if we deploy enough resources into the population; otherwise, the population collapses.

Computation of Neighborhood M‑Polynomial of Octa-Graphene 2D Nanosheet

Khalid Alsatami — 2025-04-27

Carbon-based two-dimensional nanosheets, including the recently discovered Octa-graphene, have emerged as promising materials with diverse applications. To fully understand their properties and potential, it is crucial to explore their topological indices. In this work, we delve into the derivation of the neighborhood M-polynomial for Octa-graphene. This polynomial enables the calculation of neighborhood degree-based topological indices, which are valuable tools for predicting various physical and chemical properties of the material. By employing these indices, we can gain deeper insights into the structure-property relationships of Octa-graphene and other similar nanosheets.

Recent Developments on Gromov-Witten Theory of Hilbert Schemes of Points on Certain Surfaces

Mazen Alhwaimel — 2025-04-27

In This paper, we survey recent progress on the theory of Gromov- Witten invariants on Hilbert schemes of points mainly on elliptic surfaces and simply connected minimal surface of general type. In particular, we focus on the aspects of computational progress that has been done in the cases of lower genus. Then, we discuss some important conjectures that have been proposed and gather all available information and progress toward answering them.

The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Dexamethasone Against Xylene - Induced Inflammation in Male Albino Balb/C Mice

Manal Almotiry — 2025-04-27

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small molecule have a multifaceted role in inflammation, influencing both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. generated by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Excessive production of NO in inflammation leads to chronic phase. In contrast dexamethasone (DEXA) is a common anti-inflammatory steroid medication.

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone treatment was investigated in male albino Balb/C mice.

Exploring 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrones with Alkenes: Synthesis of Isoxazolidine Derivatives

Saud Albishri — 2025-04-27

Heterocycles have long been pivotal to the advancement of organic chemistry, forming the backbone of numerous compounds with significant chemical, biological, and industrial applications. Among these, isoxazolidines (ISXs) hold particular importance due to their versatility in generating diverse molecular architectures. A prominent synthetic route to ISXs involves the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DC) of nitrones with alkenes, a reaction valued for its ability to construct chiral molecules with multiple stereogenic centers. The pharmaceutical industry's growing demand for enantiopure compounds has spurred extensive research into asymmetric synthesis, particularly in the context of 1,3-DC reactions. Despite notable advancements, controlling regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity in these reactions remains a significant challenge. This review provides a focused bibliographic overview of nitrone-alkene cycloaddition reactions, highlighting key developments and current challenges in achieving selectivity.

Pyrazole Derivatives: A New Synthesis, Biological Importance, and Recent Practical Applications

Lotfi Aroua — 2025-04-27

Heterocyclic compounds and their equivalents that include nitrogen have historically been valuable sources of pharmaceuticals. In a five-membered ring structure, the aromatic compound pyrazole, which contains two nitrogen atoms, offers a variety of uses and stereochemical complexity. Many pyrazole compounds have been shown to provide a variety of pharmacologic and physiological benefits in the last ten years of research. This is due to concerns that a substance's full potential may be limited by its drug-like qualities and how they relate to structure and activity. Different versions of the pyrazole nucleus allow for a wide range of uses in fields such as technology, medicine, and agriculture. They are specifically categorized as antioxidants, protein glycation inhibitors, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tuberculosis. In this review, we proceed over the most significant findings made by scientists and chemists regarding the pyrazole compound, as well as general details and characteristics, different preparation techniques, its well-known derivatives, reactions, and biological uses, especially anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, and anti-cancer activity.

Thermal Properties of 4He, 16O and 40Ca Isotopes Using Harmonic Oscillator Nuclear Potential

Bassam Shehadeh — 2025-04-27

In this paper, we investigate the thermal properties of ¹⁶O and ⁴⁰Ca Isotopes using an independent quasi-particle model in the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential as a mean-filed potential. The calculations are based on quantum statistics in the canonical ensemble scheme, from which we construct the partition function. The partition functions are constructed using two different models: (1) considering nucleons as a fermion gas and utilizes an antisymmetric partition function recursion formula accounting for bulk spin pairings using Hund’s rule, (2) considering the nucleon system consists of isoscalar clusters of spin vector bosons. Hence, we calculate the thermal energy and heat capacity as a function of temperature. We then compute the level density and compare it with the available experimental data. The results are favorable and show excellent agreement with the experimental level densities.