Gold Nanoparticles: A Critical Review on Synthesis and Significant Applications

Abstract

The creation of artificial nanoparticles has led to recent progress in nanotechnology. The biomedical field has made extensive use of metallic nanoparticles, with particular emphasis on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). As a result of the crucial role they play, sphere and gold nanorods (AuNPs) have recently garnered a lot of interest. Their unique optical, electronic, physicochemical, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties, which can be tuned by adjusting particle characteristics like size, shape, and environment, along with their amenability to synthesis and functionalization, have led to a wide range of applications in biomedicine, including sensing, targeted drug delivery, imaging, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, and the modulation of two-photon absorption and emission. In this review, we had a look at how to make Au NPs and discussed their many uses, notably in the field of biological sensing.