Thermoelastic vibrations of a nonlocal nanobeam lying on a two-parameter basis and subjected to a transverse moving load are introduced in the current study. For the linear Winkler-Pasternak foundation type, governing equations are established on the basis of the generalized dual-phase-lag heat conduction and nonlocal beams theories. Ramp-type changing heat is applied to the nanobeam. The Laplace transform approach is used to define and solve the problem's linked equations. A graphic is used to illustrate and discuss how the nonlocal parameter and several foundation parameters affect the field variables. The results are in line with previous analytical and numerical finding

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water are formed when natural organic matter (NOM) that remains after initial treatment reacts with disinfectants, such as chlorine or chloramines. Haloacetic acids (HAA) are of health concern organic pollutants that can be formed as DBPs of water by chlorination. In this study, the use of acidic methanol esterification followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS) was approved for the determination of the five haloacetic acids (HAA 5 ) in water. The main advantage of this method is the use of acidic methanol as the derivatization agent as an alternative of the dangerous diazomethane. The mean percent recovery of HAA 5 derivatization was about 87%. The detection of limits (LOD) of the method is low than 0.1 mg.L -1 . The proposed method has good repeatability; precision was calculated as relative standard deviation RSD% of 7.8–10.5. The proposed method can be used for the determination of HAA 5 in drinking water.

The creation of artificial nanoparticles has led to recent progress in nanotechnology. The biomedical field has made extensive use of metallic nanoparticles, with particular emphasis on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). As a result of the crucial role they play, sphere and gold nanorods (AuNPs) have recently garnered a lot of interest. Their unique optical, electronic, physicochemical, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties, which can be tuned by adjusting particle characteristics like size, shape, and environment, along with their amenability to synthesis and functionalization, have led to a wide range of applications in biomedicine, including sensing, targeted drug delivery, imaging, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, and the modulation of two-photon absorption and emission. In this review, we had a look at how to make Au NPs and discussed their many uses, notably in the field of biological sensing.  

This review discusses recent advances in flame retardancy achieved in the field of cotton textiles through the deposition of novel coatings able to enhance the flame retardant properties of cotton fabrics. There are a variety of methods for creating these new coatings, including nanoparticle adsorption, layer-by-layer assembly, sol-gel and dual-cure techniques, and plasma treatments. In most cases, these concerns center on the usage or combination of ceramic protective coatings or flame retardant species. Different mechanisms of flame retardant systems were also examined. This article concludes with a discussion of the various approaches to developing flame retardant coatings based on halogens, phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon, and polymer nanocomposites.

Background: Monosodium glutamate ( MSG) is a flavor enhancer that is frequently used in food, particularly in Asian and West African cuisines. It is created during the fermentation of starch, sugar, beet sugarcane, or molasses. Some reports claim that MSG is harmful to both humans and animals. Objective: This study aims to investigate the protective effect of selenium nano-particles on testicular toxicity induced by mono-sodium glutamate in male albino rats. Method: The experiment was performed on 28 Wistar male rats; the experimental study include 4 groups (7 rats each): G1: control rats fed normal rodent diet and water; G2: rats received selenium nano-particles at a dose of (0.4 mg/kg bwt) for 28 days, G3: Male albino rats received mono-sodium glutamate in a daily dose of (4 g/kg bwt) for 28 days intraperitoneally; G4 : Male albino rats received a daily oral dose of Se-NPs for 7 successive days & on the 7 th day the animals received the first dose of MSG intraperitoneally (4g/kg bwt) then rats received both treatments until the end of the experiment for 28 days. Serum Testosterone hormone, serum lipid peroxidation [MDA], reduced glutathione [GSH] were estimated, samples from testis were separated for histological analysis. Result : The results of the following study revealed that the administration of Se-NPs orally before MSG treatment resulted in a protective effect against testicular toxicity as it resulted in a significant decline in the levels of serum MDA, elevation in the values of serum GSH level and testosterone, improvement in testicular architecture & reappearance of sperms. Conclusion: The results showed that Se-NPs treatment as a protector exhibited a protective effect against testicular damage and enhance antioxidant status in male albino rats.

Background: Diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 (T2DM), is one of the most common diseases. T2DM has been associated with stress and a change in lifestyle. Regulation of postprandial blood glucose levels and the use of some natural plant extracts with inhibitory actions against carbohydrate digestion enzymes like alpha-amylase and fewer adverse effects than synthetic medicines are potential methods for preventing dietary carbohydrate absorption. This study shows the anti-diabetic effects of Moringa olifera extract on insulin and blood glucose in diabetic rats given streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. Methods: The experiment was performed on 40 Wistar male rats; the experimental study included 4 groups: (I) normal rats and (II)normal rats orally received an aqueous extract of Moringa (500 mg/kg/day) for consecutive 4 weeks (III)diabetic group; male albino rats injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of Streptozotocin 55 mg/kg b.w.t. (IV) Streptozotocin-treated rats received an aqueous extract of Moringa 500 mg/kg/day orally for consecutive 4weeks. Results: The results of the following study showed that the injection of STZ resulted in a decline in insulin and an increase in glucose. It was also revealed that Moringa olifera extract has more anti-diabetic effect against streptozotocin treatment due to its higher phenolic content and its effect on decreasing the activity of α-amylase. This suggests that MAE leaf decreased postprandial glucose levels by slowing amylase-mediated glucose uptake.

. Abstract: - Background: Levofloxacin (Levo) is an antibiotic originating from the second generation of fluoroquinolones. It is used to treat infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and genital tract. In spite of its great potency in the treatment of many diseases it has many side effects such as hepatotoxicity & renal toxicity.   - Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the therapeutic potential of camel milk to attenuate the liver toxicity of levofloxacin on some biochemical parameters in male albino rats.   - Methodology: The study investigated the effect of a dose (100 mg/kg) of levofloxacin for 10 days and evaluation of treatment with camel milk (5 ml/rat/day) for 15 days, on biochemical parameters: Glutamate-oxaloacetate (GOT), Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), total bilirubin (T.BIL), direct bilirubin(D.BIL), indirect bilirubin(Ind.BIL), Glucose, values were assessed.40 albino male rats weighing between (150 -180 g) were divided into four groups, including ten in each group, as follows: G1 : regular rodent food and water are given to the control group. G2: CM (5ml/rat/day) for 15 days in drinking bottles. G3 : oral administration of LFX through gastric tube (100mg/kg body wt.) for 10 days. G4: oral administration of LFX (100mg/kg body wt.) for 10 days, followed by CM (5ml/rat/day) for 15 days in drinking bottles. - Results: The activities of transaminases (GOT), (GPT), levels of:(T.BIL), (D.BIL), and (Ind.BIL), in G3 :(LFX-group) significantly increased( p ≤0.01) by (42.4%,64.5%,151.4%,154.4%,148.8%) respectively after treatment with the antibiotic levofloxacin (LFX) at a dosage of (100 mg/kg/B wt) for 10 days. Additionally, there was a notable drop in serum glucose level ( p ≤0.01) by (-28.9%) in comparison to the control group of the above. While treatment with camel milk (5 ml / rat / day) for 15 days in G2 : (CM-group) did not result in any significant difference (p< 0.01) in the above parameters compared to the control group. Oral administration of G4 :(CM+LFX/group) for 15 consecutive days showed a less significant decrease (p≤0.01) in the activities of (GOT), (GPT) (-7.6%, -13.6%) respectively. While the results of (T.BIL), (D.BIL) and (Ind.BIL) showed a significant improvement by ( -33.3%, -28%, -35.6%) respectively. And a significant increase (p≤0.01) by (17.6%) in the values of glucose compared to the group treated with levofloxacin. - Conclusion: The study's findings support the use of camel milk as an external antioxidant supplement to lessen the toxicity of levofloxacin.

We studied the temperature effect in isospin-singlet pairings in Gamow-Teller excitations. We use theories of a hole-particle in the mean-field shell model to study decay transition using the one-particle-one-hole model for the $\beta$-decay of odd-even isotopes and the two-particle-hole models for the $\beta$-decay of even-even and/or odd-odd isotopes. Our reference isotopes for the one-particle-one-hole model are \ce{^{15}O}, \ce{^{15}N}, \ce{^{17}F}, and \ce{^{41}Sc}, whereas for the two-particle-hole model we use \ce{^{16}N} (for $\beta^-$-decay) and \ce{^{56}Ni} and \ce{^{40}Sc} (for $\beta^+$/EC). The calculations involve evaluating the matrix elements of Gamow-Teller and Fermi transitions, then calculating the reduced transition probabilities of Gamow-Teller and Fermi, from which we evaluate the half-lives and the strength function $ft$. The results are compared with the available experimental data. For the one-particle-one-hole model, we found there is a deviation from experimental values which indicates that the model is not valid for beta decay for the even-even nuclei in the ground state due to the residual nucleon-nucleon interaction. As for a two-particle-hole model, we calculated the transition amplitude, from which we calculated the strength of the transition $\log ft$ values. We found an excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical results. By drawing the relationship between temperature versus $\log ft$ values, we found the general trend is that the strength function values slowly decrease as temperatures increase. There are fluctuations $\log ft$ due to the strongly dependent of $\log ft$ on the shell configuration of the valence nucleons.

We study the electronic structure and transport properties of the half-Heusler alloy PrNiBi using Density functional theory (DFT) based Full-Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave Method (FLAPW) within generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and generalized gradient approximation including Hubbard U-parameter (GGA + U) for the exchange correlation term of the effective Hamiltonian. Our results show that this alloy crystallizes in C1 b structure with lattice parameter ( =6.6236Å) and maintains half metallic ferromagnetic character for a variable range of lattice parameter (6.40Å      6.80Å) for GGA and (6.69Å    6.76Å) for GGA+U calculation. Calculation of thermoelectric properties were carried out using semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory, in the framework of constant relaxation time approximation. It was found that the highest value of the figure of merit (ZT) correspond to carrier concentration of 2.06 per unit cell volume.

A new formulation based on fractional parentage method is developed in order to account for orbital and spin current densities of rare earth (RE) f -electron shells as well as the consequently resulting magnetic hyperfine field (HMF). We have derived multipole expansions of spin and orbital current densities in terms of vector spherical harmonics.  Orbital and spin contributions to HMF were subsequently calculated for ground states of Nd 3+ free ion and Nd 3+ ion subjected to hypothetical octahedral crystal fields (CF). The validity of the model was tested through calculating the HMF's of Nd 3+ atoms in NdGaO 3 tetragonal perovskite crystal, where, the results obtained for total HMF therein were in good agreement with result obtained using DFT based ab initio approach.